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16th Century

In our progression century by century through church history, we come to the tumultuous 16th century and the explosive influence of the Reformation. A couple of years ago in preparing our Christian History Institute video curriculum Reformation Overview* I was privileged to visit all the major Reformation locations where the original events took place. People and issues I had read about came to life for me in an unforgettable way. Day after day I was gripped by the adventure of stepping back into the world changing convictions and issues faced by the great Reformers. Several impressions left a lasting mark upon me.

The posting of the 95 theses by Luther in 1517 was not the beginning of the Reformation but in many ways a culmination of widespread developments that had been building up for generations.

There was not one Reformation but many. Luther, Zwingli, Calvin, Tyndale, the Anabaptists and others were all distinctive centers of dynamic development and spiritual renewal.

The intellectual discipline of the major Reformers was prodigious. These leaders were almost without exception devoted to careful scholarship. Compare this to the kind of leaders we so often exalt today, based more on the attraction of personality and media charisma than the quality of their thought.

We are familiar with the big names in the movement, but all of them had their circle of colleagues and close confidantes with whom they struggled, debated, agonized, and prayed. Luther had his Melanchthon, Zwingli his Bullinger, Calvin his Farel, Tyndale his Frith.

Major reformation events often took place in little out of the way places far removed from the centers of influence. Luther's Wittenberg surely was no Rome. Even today it is so small we couldn't find a hotel in town. Calvin's Geneva was not a major international city when he went there. It became one because of what he did there. --Ken Curtis

• The printing of books begun in the fifteenth century now develops swiftly, propelling the spread of the Reformation.

• Michelangelo, Albrecht Durer, Raphael, and Lucius Cranach create art with Biblical themes.

• 1517 Martin Luther posts his 95 theses at Wittenberg which stir Germany and Europe in a matter of months.

• The Scriptures become more available for the common person as Luther translates into German and Tyndale into English in the 1520's.

• The Protestant Reformation spreads throughout Europe with Zwingli in Switzerland, the Anabaptists in central Europe, and John Knox in Scotland. Henry VIII's quest for dynastic security causes him to separate from Rome and establish himself as head of the Church of England. John Calvin's ministry in Geneva and his Institutes begin a Scriptural reexamination of theology and society.

• The Counter-Reformation defends traditional Catholicism against Reformation ideas. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) reaffirms Catholic doctrine. The Jesuit order becomes the defender of the Catholic faith and begins sending missionaries abroad.

• Religious convictions produce martyrs among both Catholics and Protestants -- Sir Thomas More, William Tyndale, and Thomas Cranmer among the many executed. Huguenots in France begin to be persecuted. Foxe's Book of Martyrs (actually titled Actes and Monuments) records the persecution believers in Christ have endured through the centuries.

• In England, Puritans begin to fashion a church more closely based upon the Scriptures. http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/centuries/16th-century-11631975.html

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17th Century

• The Protestant Reformation begun in the last century continues to affect the religious and political life of Europe.

• In England the Puritan Revolution removes King Charles and executes him while attempting to establish a Puritan Commonwealth.

• In France, the Protestant Huguenots rebel against King Louis XIII.

• 1618-1648 -- In central Europe, the Thirty Years' War brings destruction as Protestants and Catholics vie for power.

• England begins to establish colonies in North America, many with the purpose of spreading Christianity or establishing more Biblical Christian governments -- Jamestown begins in 1607, Pilgrims land in 1620, Massachusetts Bay Colony established by Puritans in 1630.

• "King James Version" translation of the English Bible released in 1611; will shape and mold the English language for over three centuries.

• 1633 - Galileo forced by the Inquisition to abjure Copernicus' theories. New scientific studies often pursued by men seeking to learn the ways of their Creator - Johann Kepler, Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle.

• 1634 -- the first Oberammergau Passion Play

• Classic works of Christian literature are written: 1667 - John Milton's Paradise Lost; 1670 - Blaise Pascal's Pensees; 1678 - John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress.

• "Enlightenment" writers question Christianity and seek to base knowledge on human reason--Leibnitz, Hobbes, and Descartes. http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/centuries/17th-century-11631977.html

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18th Century

• Voltaire, one of many Deists, further develops the rationalism of the "Enlightenment," attacking Christianity and finding in man the center of all things. The French Revolution of 1789 overthrows the traditions of the Church and briefly establishes the goddess of Reason.

• An Evangelical Awakening spreads throughout England and America under the preaching of George Whitefield, the Wesley brothers, and Jonathan Edwards.

• Pietism brings new life to German Lutheranism, and Lutheran J. S. Bach writes his music "only for the glory of God."

• Count Zinzendorf establishes Herrnhut as a Moravian settlement in Saxony, from which the Moravian Brethren begin their missionary work.

Christians Handel and Haydn write classical music, including masterpieces of religious art, while Isaac Watts and the Wesleys write hymns for congregational singing.

• Practical application of Christian truths found in classics written during the century: Philip Doddridge's Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul; William Paley's Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy; and William Wilberforce's Practical View of the Religious System. Cruden's Concordance published early in the century.

• Religious freedom gains grounds. In the United States, religious tests for government positions are abolished, and in Russia Tsarina Catherine the Great grants freedom of religion.

• Christian Daniel Defoe begins writing novels reflecting man's spiritual struggles.

• The era of modern missions advances with the establishment of London's Baptist Missionary Society and the sending of William Carey to India. http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/centuries/18th-century-11631978.html

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19th Century

The nineteenth century is sometimes called the Protestant Century. Protestants established missions throughout the world. Organizations such as the British and Foreign Bible Society, the American Bible Society, the Sunday School Union, and the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions lead in the spread of the Gospel message. Reform societies form to deal with abolition, temperance, prisons, and education.

• In America, many sects including Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Christian Science are established.

• New philosophies such as Darwin's evolution, Marx's communism, and Freud's psychology, attack the traditional Christian view of life and history. German "higher critics" attack the historical validity of the Scriptures.

• Revival leader Charles Finney establishes "new measures" in his revival meetings, believing conversions can be achieved if the right approaches and techniques are used.

• Dwight L. Moody and Ira Sankey hold large revival meetings on both sides of the Atlantic, while thousands hear Charles Spurgeon preach in London's Tabernacle.

• Fanny Crosby, Ira Sankey, Francis Havergal, and others poured out hymns of faith and devotion.

• David Livingstone and others open the African continent to missions, while workers with Hudson Taylor's China Inland Mission spread throughout China.

• Pope Pius IX condemns liberalism, socialism, and rationalism; also proclaims the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. The First Vatican Council declares the Pope infallible in the year 1870. http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/centuries/19th-century-11631979.html

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20th Century

• World Wars pit nominally Christian nations of Europe against each other.

• Emergence of charismatic Christian sects.

• Rise of the ecumenical movement.

• Revision of the Roman Catholic liturgy.

• Missions reach virtually every region of the world.

• New translation methods put the Bible into the languages of 95% of mankind, but about 1,500 small tongues, representing 5% of mankind, lack scriptures.

• More Christians are said to have been martyred in the 20th century than in all earlier centuries combined.

• Decline of church attendance becomes marked in much of the Western world.

• Explosive growth of Chinese Christianity.

• Emergence and collapse of powerful atheistic states.

• Crises in Darwinism revive Christian attacks on evolutionary theory and development of scientific models from a Christian perspective.

• Rise of internet and mass media lead to wide dissemination of the gospel by new means.

• An overwhelming information explosion tends to bury truth. http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/centuries/20th-century-11631980.html

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Blessings Brother Joe

   My you have been busy!!!!  :emot-heartbeat:                     Glory to God in the Highest                                       With love-in Christ,Kwik

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10 minutes ago, kwikphilly said:

Blessings Brother Joe

   My you have been busy!!!!  :emot-heartbeat:                     Glory to God in the Highest                                       With love-in Christ,Kwik

:thumbsup:

Sometimes
I Think The Brotherhood
Deserves A Short Timeline Of The Glorious Work
Of The Mighty Holy Spirit Through Believers (RCC Or No)
And I Am Blessed To Fellowship With The Descendants Of Such Godly Folk

From infancy, you have known the holy Scriptures which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith, which is in Christ Jesus. All Scripture is God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work. 2 Timothy 3:15-17 (New Heart English Bible)

Good Morning Beloved Sister

The LORD bless thee, and keep thee:
The LORD make his face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee:
The LORD lift up his countenance upon thee, and give thee peace.

And they shall put my name upon the children of Israel; and I will bless them. Numbers 6:24-27 (King James Bible)

Love, Your Brother Joe

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Good Morning Beloved Brother....................thanks for sharing with us,praise & Glory to God FOREVER & EVER!!!                      With love-in Christ,Kwik

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On Sunday, September 25, 2016 at 10:09 PM, Yowm said:

Then why do you keep attacking MY view on sola scriptura, my view of  the Apostle Paul, my view of the Church, my wifes experiences etc?

I am not attacking anyones views, but I will correct yours or anyone elses inaccurate views or attacks on The Catholic Church. And as for your wife, I apologize if you took offence to me suggesting she may not of been paying attention to God's Word during Mass/ Religious Ed, before she left Christ's Church.

I only pointed out the 'anathemas' by Rome in the Council of Trent against those of us who hold to justification by faith alone and you came unhinged.

With all due respect Yowm, I believe it is you that has become "unhinged." All I did was correct you on your inaccurate view of 'anathemas' and you fly off the handle. In the future, I wouldn't put much stock in the anti-Catholic articles/web-sites from the likes of Mike P. Gendron or James R. White.

As far as your accusation of me attacting your views, that is about as for from the truth as one can get. All I did was put-right what you misconstrued were the teachings of the Catholic Church in reguards to anathema. In other words, how the use of the word anathema has evolved during the history of the Church, and today it means the same thing as excommunication. (The word anathema is no longer officially used.) Because a person must be a Catholic to be anathema (excommunicated) the term does not apply to Protestants. So unless you are Catholic (and I seem to remember you saying you were not) your quote above is inaccurate.

Back off Hodie or I'll report you.

Do what you feel you must.

 

Peace

 

p.s.... It's 'Hoddie'

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On Monday, September 26, 2016 at 5:39 AM, Woman_At_The_Well said:

Apparently Hoddie, you are taking turns to knit pick some of the threads that is not to your liking. Or perhaps, what your itchy ears truly wants to hear. You make it seem as if you are untouchable. Not one person is perfect. However, you seem to exalt yourself and for what???  Maybe there is something that is lacking from your own spiritual growth, so you are trying to justify every thread by scriptures only to back yourself up. Take the plank out of your own eye first before you start telling others about their relationship with the Lord.

Not quite sure where this is coming from W.a.t.W.? If I offended you in any way, I apologize.I would never tell others about their relationship with Jesus. All I am trying to do is expose the fallicies and inaccuracies that some are spewing about the Catholic Church and her teachings. If that is being construed as "knit-picking", "lacking spiritual growth", having "itchy ears" or "exalting" ones self, they need to be prepared to back up their claims. If they cannot, they need to understand that I will refute their false claims, and if they get their feelings hurt by me doing so, I'm sorry.

There is nothing wrong with charity giving. However, again it is not by good works period!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

And the Catholic Church agrees!!

If so, I would of continued being a Roman Catholic with a lot of religion and no RELATIONSHIP!!!!!!!!!!!!! THE END.........

Then you being a former Catholic should know the Catholic Church has never taught such a doctrine and, in fact, has constantly condemned the notion that men can earn or merit salvation. Catholic soteriology (salvation theology) is rooted in apostolic Tradition and Scripture and says that it is only by God's grace--completely unmerited by works--that one is saved.

The Church teaches that it's God's grace from beginning to end which justifies, sanctifies, and saves us. As Paul explains in Philippians 2:13, "God is the one, who, for his good purpose, works in you both to desire and to work."

Notice that Paul's words presuppose that the faithful Christian is not just desiring to be righteous, but is actively working toward it. This is the second half of the justification equation, and Protestants either miss or ignore it.

A truly faithful Catholc knows that we could never in our lifetime do enough good works to get into heaven on our own strength. There are not enough little old ladies in the world that we could help walk across the street, to pay the price that Jesus paid for our salvation. We Catholics don't think we can work our way into heaven, honest! On the other hand we don't think we can sit on our butts and expect Jesus to be pleased.

Section 1996 of the Catechism says:

"Our justification comes from the grace of God. Grace is favor, the free and undeserved help that God gives us to respond to his call to become children of God, adoptive sons, partakers of the divine nature and of eternal life. (Jn 4:14; 7:38-39.)"

Sections 161-162 of the Catechism says:

"(161) "Believing in Jesus Christ and in the One who sent him for our salvation is necessary for obtaining that salvation ...therefore without faith no one has ever attained justification...(162) Faith is an entirely free gift that God makes to man..."

The Catechism also talks about our response to faith, (sections 161-162 and 1997-2000) which is to go out into the world and do as Jesus would have us do. Which is what we call Charity.

So W.a.t.W., with that being said ,and now knowing what you believe to be the Churches teachings as incorrect, would you willing to swim back across the Tiber? You will be welcomed home with open arms!

 

Peace

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