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Daniel 9:24-27 Examined, Part 3: Verse 25

וְתֵדַע/Now you should know [Qal Imperfect (incomplete action) 2ms with disjunctive ו prefix] וְתַשְׂכֵּל/and you should cause to be understood [Hiphil Imperfect 2ms]: מִן־/from מֹצָא/a going forth דָבָר/of a word/command לְהָשִׁיב/for the purpose to cause to restore [Hiphil Infin. Constr. with ל prefix] וְלִבְנֹות/and for the purpose to build [Qal Infin. Constr. with ל prefix] יְרֽוּשָׁלִַם/Jerusalem עַד־/unto מָשִׁיחַ/a Messiah/Anointed One, נָגִיד/a commander/leader: שָׁבֻעִים/weeks שִׁבְעָה/seven וְשָׁבֻעִים/and weeks שִׁשִּׁים/sixty וּשְׁנַיִם/and two. …

“Now you should know, and you should cause to be understood: from a going forth of a word/command (for the purpose) to cause to restore and to build Jerusalem unto an Anointed One, a leader, shall be seven weeks and 62 weeks. …”

Comment: In the Spring of 457 B.C., Ezra, “the skillful scribe in the Law of Moses,” went to Jerusalem “to teach statutes and ordinances in Israel.” Ezra 7:6-10 Persian King Artaxerxes I had given him broad authority to restore proper Temple ordinances, and to “set magistrates and judges” over his people. 7:12-26 In the Spring of 444 B.C., Artaxerxes then sent Nehemiah “to Judah, to the city of [his] fathersʼs tombs [Jerusalem], that [he] might rebuild it.” Neh. 2:5

Both of the years 457 and 444 B.C., as well as the midpoint of the two, have been variously used with 360-day, 365¼-day, and 354⅓-day (lunar) years to compute the 7 + 62 = 69 weeks of years = 483 years “unto Messiah.” An analysis of the various possibilities is beyond the scope of this article. Suffice it to say that there is scant disagreement that this prophecy was fulfilled with the coming of Christ sometime within the years 27 to 34 A.D.

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…תָּשׁוּב/You shall return [Qal Imperfect 2ms] וְנִבְנְתָה/and she/it shall be built [Niphal Perfect 3fs with וְ/vav consecutive prefix] רְחֹוב/street (or square, plaza) וְחָרוּץ/and salient (wall? moat?) וּבְצֹוק/even in the distress/oppression [ו: “even;” ב: preposition meaning “in”] הָעִתִּֽים/of the times.

… “You [that is, Israel] shall return, and she/it [Jerusalem] shall be built: street(?) and wall(?), even in the distress of the times.”

Comment: “You shall return”: תָּשׁוּב is often, as in the KJV, misinterpreted as an adverb, “again.” But the syntax תָּשׁוּב וְנִבְנְתָה does not properly allow for that: these are two verbs separated by a ו/vav, a conjunction. (Part of the confusion stems from תָּשׁוּב being the proper spelling for both 2ms and 3fs.) Context also indicates “you shall return” is the correct reading. Daniel had been “praying and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel” (9:20), and Gabriel was sent with the message for “your people [Israel].” 9:24

The vav consecutive prefix changes the Perfect verb (completed action) into the effect of an Imperfect verb (incomplete action). This grammatical rule will be more fully explained when verse 27 is examined.

Summary

Daniel 9:25 “Now you should know, and you should cause to be understood: from a going forth of a word/command (for the purpose) to cause to restore and to build Jerusalem unto an Anointed One, a leader, shall be seven weeks and 62 weeks. You [that is, Israel] shall return, and she/it [Jerusalem] shall be built: street(?) and wall(?), even in the distress of the times.”

The revelation of Daniel 8 was given during Israelʼs Babylonian captivity, and foretells the foremost crisis during Israelʼs future captivity.

In contrast, the revelation of Daniel 9 was given soon after the fall of Babylon, upon the fulfillment of Jeremiahʼs prophecy of “70 years [of] the desolations of Jerusalem.” 9:2 Gabrielʼs message must have been given just days to at most a couple months before King Cyrusʼs proclamation to the Jews to return to Jerusalem to rebuild their Temple. Ezra 1:1-4 This second revelation focuses on Israelʼs future times of deliverance; despite which, even with the advent of their coming Messiah, their ultimate pesha/rebellion is to be so severe that it will result in the downfall of Jerusalem and its Temple.

That downfall is the subject of verses 26-27, to be examined in the following articles.