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Israel’s 7 Appointed Holy Assembly Days: What They Represent; Part 1

Leviticus 23 is the chapter of the Bible that describes, in the most detail, the Mosaic ceremonial yearly public gatherings (called “Feasts” in the KJV and other versions). The LORD appointed the Mosaic Tabernacle to be a form, and the ceremonial ordinances to be a representation, of His Way of Salvation for mankind.

What Leviticus 23 is primarily about:

Leviticus 23:2 “Speak to the children of Israel, and say unto them, ‘[These are] the מֹועֲדֵי (mow-ă-dayʹ)/yearly appointed times of the LORD, that you shall proclaim them: these [are] holy מִקְרָאֵי (mik-raw-ayʹ)/public assemblies (or, rehearsals); they [are] my appointed times.’”

So, Leviticus 23 is primarily about 1) yearly appointed times that are also 2) holy assemblies of all the people. Seven such days are described that fulfill both 1) and 2).

The chapter also lists three other special days: one public assembly day that is not a yearly appointed time (the 7th day Sabbath, 23:3), and two yearly appointed times that are not public assembly days (Passover and the “Firstfruits Wave Offering”). 23:5, 10-15 Many Bible teachers erroneously add the latter two into the other seven, and usually subtract out two from those to keep the number at seven. However, Passover and the Firstfruits Wave Offering do not fulfill the biblical requirement of being 2) holy assemblies of all the people. Israelites were forbidden from doing normal labors on holy assembly days. That prohibition did not apply to these two days.

The actual Passover is a sacrifice of a lamb on the 1st month, 14th day of the year; whereas the supper of the Passover takes place on the 15th, being the first day of the “חַג/festival/Feast of Unleavened Bread” (Lev. 23:6), which was also called "the Feast of the Passover." Ex. 34:25

The “Firstfruits Wave Offering” – literally, “sheaf of the first of your harvest,” Lev. 23:10 – is likewise not a חַג/feast. No assembly of the congregation is called for at all; merely one priest. It is only mentioned in one place in the Bible, Leviticus 23:10-15. Which seems strange, seeing that it does foretell, in type, the raising up of Christ, “the firstborn of the dead” (Rev. 1:5), into heaven. But neither the Passover – which represents the crucifixion of Jesus – nor the Firstfruits Wave Offering were holy assemblies required for all the people. (That is, they were only to have a limited audience.)

Next: Spring assemblies – representations already fulfilled in type.